Blygger

What people make with a blyg

A blyg is a website, or a corner of one, where every post keeps its history. You can edit in public, freeze any version for good, and quote other people's posts in a way that stays accurate however they change later.

Blyg is Swedish for shy, and one vowel from blog. Blygger tips its hat to Blogger, one of the first blogging tools, and its ygg nods to Yggdrasil, the Norse world tree, never finished, always still growing. Writing on a blyg is blygging, and someone who does it is a blygger.

The format turns out to suit more kinds of writing than a blog does:

• A plain blog. You post, you move on, and you rarely go back. Nothing about Blygger gets in the way: anyone with a feed reader can follow it.
• A book written in the open. Chapters and sections are posts of their own, revised as you go, and the book is a long post that quotes them in order. Each time you finish a draft you freeze it as an edition, and readers can cite edition two while you work on three.
• A constitution, a policy or a contract. Text that changes rarely, where every version that ever took effect is frozen and stays readable at its own address, so nobody can argue about what it said.
• A shopping list or a packing list that you edit all the time, with the versions worth keeping frozen as variants: Thanksgiving, the camping trip, the week the in-laws visit.
• A notebook, Roam- or Obsidian-style: lots of short notes, revised often, linking and quoting one another, with a few frozen when they settle.
• A draft in public: an essay or a manifesto you keep developing, freezing its stages so readers can see how it grew.
• A game or a challenge: someone posts an aphorism and freezes it; others copy it into their own blygs, change it and freeze their versions, and the copies record where they came from.

Two dials: how often you revise, how much you freeze

Those uses differ along two dials. One is how often a post changes after you publish it. The other is how many of its versions you pin, that is, promise to keep online exactly as they were, forever.

You don't have to choose once. Each post sits wherever you put it, and most blygs have some of each.

The ideas, in plain terms

Two kinds of time. Some media are about now: a social feed, where everything is current and nothing is revised. Others are about change: a book's editions, a project's history, where the record of the changing is the point. Blygger tries to do both. Your feed shows what's new, including new versions of old posts, and each post carries its own history.

Versions. Editing a published post makes a new version. Readers see the latest one, plus a short log of when it changed and why. Older versions stay private unless you pin them.

Pins. Pinning a version is a promise to keep that exact text online at its own address for good, even if you edit or withdraw the post later. Pins are editions: they're what makes it safe for someone to cite writing that's still changing.

Fragments and threads. A fragment is a short post: a thought, a claim, a paragraph. A thread is a longer one, and threads can be built out of other posts.

Quoting by reference. Instead of copying someone's words, you name their post, and a snapshot of it is built into yours, with a record of exactly which version you quoted and where it came from. If they edit later, your quote still shows what you responded to. You can quote a whole post or one passage. The technical name is transclusion.

Forks. You can start a new post from a pinned version of someone else's, and change it into your own. The fork keeps a permanent note of where it came from.

Stubs. A stub is a post that says "this is a response to that one". More on stubs below, because they're how conversation works here.

Withdrawing. Nothing published is deleted, but you can withdraw a post, which tells other blygs to drop their copies. Pins stay up, because a pin is a promise.

Links and blogrolls. You can also simply link to a post, which notifies nobody. And you can publish a blogroll, a list of the blygs and feeds you read.

Feeds: what you show and what you read

A blyg has two feeds, and you control both.

The feed you publish is your blyg's front page and its RSS feed. The RSS feed is always newest first, because that's what feed readers expect. Your front page can show either of two orders:

• Chronological, newest first: the familiar blog and timeline view, about what's happening now.
• Pace-layered, the view about what lasts. Every post sinks as new ones arrive, but at different speeds. Pinning a post, or having it quoted in pinned posts, moves it into a slower layer; there are six, named after Stewart Brand's pace layers from fashion down to nature. Revising a post lifts it one place. A post you keep pinning and revising holds the top, so a "pinned post" is something your blyg arrives at rather than a setting you flip.

Pace-layering is the project's recommended order for every client, being written up as an RFC so other clients can match it, and it works from public files alone, so a reader's client can show anyone's blyg this way. Blygger Studio uses it on new blygs' front pages, with chronological a setting away.

The feed you read is equally yours. You choose what to subscribe to, from blygs or any ordinary RSS feed, privately; you can gather posts into collections by hand, browse other people's blogrolls, and order your reading however your client allows. There is no central timeline and no algorithm you didn't choose. Full clients such as Blygger Studio put the reader and the editor side by side, because in the thicket they're one activity: you read, quote, answer and get answered, and thicketing is that call and response. You can also be as solitary as you like. A blyg nobody quotes is still a perfectly good notebook, and reading without ever publishing is fine too.

Why bother: the thicket

All of this is more involved than a blog, and it's fair to ask what the complexity buys. The answer is the thicket: the network of blygs, and of the quotes, pins, forks and replies that run between them. The name comes from Aneesh Sathe, who set the thicket's undergrowth against the platform's manicured garden.

The platforms bundled everything: your identity, your archive, your audience, the conversation and the algorithm deciding who sees what. Leaving meant losing all of it. A blyg unbundles them. Your writing lives in files on your own domain. Your history is yours. And the connections between writers don't live on anyone's server: they're written into the posts themselves, as quotes and responses that point at exact versions, and any reader can follow them from one blyg to the next.

That makes for a different kind of place:

• No public feed. There's no central timeline and no algorithm. Each reader follows the blygs they choose, privately, the way RSS has always worked, and nobody sees who follows whom.
• Tangles, not streams. Ideas grow by being quoted, answered, forked and quoted again, across sites. A short post can turn up in a dozen longer ones, each quoting the version it saw, and the trail back to it stays intact.
• Feeds you curate yourself, in what you read and in what you show (above). Clients are starting to add personal ranking, which answers to you, not to an advertiser.
• No counts. No likes, follower numbers or view counts. Several blyggers describe this as the point: you write for the work, not the metrics.

The thicket is slower to walk than a feed, and that's part of what keeps it healthy: there's no aggregate for anyone to farm.

Responding without replies

There is no reply button in the protocol, and there won't be one. There is one response act, the stub: a post of your own that says "this responds to that". It notifies the other writer, and they can check it's real, because their blyg reads your post and confirms it names theirs.

A stub is like a stem cell: one act that can grow into the familiar shapes, depending on where you put your words and how much you quote.

• Your words above a quote of their whole post: a quote post.
• Your words below it: a reply.
• Your words around one passage of theirs: commentary, or an inline reply.
• A quote with no words of your own: a repost.
• Stubs of stubs: a conversation, carried across everyone's sites, each turn on the blyg of the person who said it.

Clients choose which of these shapes to put first. Blygger Studio has a single "stub" action that opens with the quote ready; Burrow calls the same act "Reply" and shows each post's lineage as a small glyph. Under every one of those is the same stub.

To take part, you publish. Anyone can read the thicket without a blyg: any feed reader can follow one, and every post is a public page. But the only way to join in socially is to publish a post of your own. There's no second tier of users who only comment.

That doesn't rule out comments sections; it changes what they are. A writer can show the stubs their posts received underneath them, curated like any comments section. And a site that wants to host comments from people without a blyg can do it too: each comment is published as a real post, under the commenter's name, on a blyg the site runs for the purpose, with the site taking responsibility for what it hosts. To every other blyg, those comments are posts like any other. Comments become a feature a publisher chooses to build, not a lower class of participant built into the protocol. The approach is RFC-2, open for comment until 4 November 2026.

Mentions, and why the protocol stays out of identity. On a platform, an @-mention is one company's account system pointing at another account in the same system. Blygger has no account system to point into. The only thing it authenticates is a blyg's own domain, and the people writing on blygs already have identities elsewhere: their own website, a fediverse account, a Bluesky handle, an Ethereum address. Rather than pick one, the protocol stays agnostic and lets them all ride along.

The convention being proposed works like this. Your client keeps an address book; you type a short @name, and the published post carries an ordinary link to the person plus, in standard markup, the identifiers you know for them in each of those systems. A reader whose client speaks some of those systems can recognise the person, show them under the reader's own name for them, or open their profile where they actually live. A client that speaks none of them shows an ordinary link and loses nothing. Nobody has to adopt anyone else's identity system for mentions to work between the clients that share one.

A mention doesn't notify anyone, though. In Blygger, notification is reserved for citation: quoting someone, stubbing them, forking them or drawing on their post when generating text sends their blyg a notice, which it checks against your published post before accepting. Naming someone, like linking to them, asserts nothing about their work that could be checked, so it sends nothing. Attention arrives only as a citation, from someone who put their own name to a post, so there's nothing to pile on with. The mention convention is RFC-1, open for comment on the official blyg until 4 November 2026.

AI, with disclosure, and agents as co-authors

Blygger assumes you might write with AI, and it keeps the reader's side free of it: readers need no model and no account anywhere. The ways it's hooked in so far:

• Fill-in-the-blank drafting. In the editor, mark a gap with an instruction, [TK]summarise the three quotes above[/TK], and your own model, with your own key, writes that passage. TK is the old copy-desk mark for "to come". The generated words are published marked as generated, and readers can see which ones they are.
• Drawing on other people's posts. When a model works from another writer's post, the post is listed as a source and its writer is notified, just as with a quote. A model's paraphrase is never a silent way to use someone's words.
• Text written elsewhere. Words you got from a chatbot somewhere else can be pasted in and marked, so they publish disclosed too.
• Help around the edges. Clients use models for chores like writing the note that describes an edit, which is also marked, and for ranking your reading, which is coming.

Disclosure is the writer's own statement, like a byline: nobody can verify it, and the protocol doesn't pretend to.

Agents. The protocol never asks whether a person or a program wrote something. An agent can run its own blyg, publish under its own name inside yours, or work as a tool you've given access to: Blygger Studio lets other apps and agents write into your blyg with permissions you grant and can revoke. What matters is the same for everyone: a stub should be a real response, not a machine re-posting a feed. Bylines for several authors on one blyg, people or agents, are being worked out in public as an open proposal.

The For Developers tab explains the mechanics.

Get started

Starting from nothing.

• Blygger Studio is the reference client: a full blyg, with an editor, a reader and your settings, running on your own Cloudflare account and domain. A setup walk-through greets a fresh install. Build a blyg has the steps; an AI assistant can take you through them.
• Once it's running, write from wherever suits you: Burrow, a fast desktop app for Mac and Windows; drafts-blyg for quick posts from your phone; or blyxt, from a Telegram group.
• Blynger is a Mac app that runs a whole static personal website with a blyg built in.
• Or build your own. Several blyggers had an AI assistant write theirs straight from the spec, some without having written software before.

Starting from something you already have.

• WordPress: Soapbox for Blygger, a plugin in the WordPress.org directory, publishes your posts as a blyg.
• Obsidian: blyg-publisher publishes a folder of your vault.
• Hugo: hugo-blyg. Logseq-style gardens: goddinpotty.
• Any blog with an RSS feed can already be followed from a blyg, so blyggers can read you before you set anything up.

The ecosystem index lists every client, plugin, tool, extension and modified Studio, with the blygs each one runs. When your blyg is up, submit it to blygger.com, where you'll also find the rest of the thicket to read.

Blygger is a protocol for public writing built on static files and RSS. This is a compact technical introduction: the core idea, the design principles behind it, what the spec deliberately leaves to clients, and where to start building. Terms in bold are defined in the glossary.

Versions and chronology together

Media keep time in two ways. Some are about the present moment, like a social feed, where everything is now and nothing is revised. Others are about change, like a git log or a book's editions, where the record of the changing is the point. Blygger tries to do both in one medium.

A blyg is a directory of files at an origin, a base URL on the publisher's own domain such as https://example.com/blyg/. It publishes items: short fragments and long threads, each with a permanent 26-character id and a numbered version history. Publishing an edit makes the next version. The item document (items/{id}.json) carries the latest content and a changelog of dates and notes, never diffs, so the history is visible without the old text being public.

The feed is where the two kinds of time meet. feed.xml announces publish events, newest first: new items and new versions of old ones. A follower sees a live stream; the same stream is each item's changelog. The version counter is deliberately bare. Significance is expressed by a pin instead: an irrevocable promise to serve one exact version forever at items/{id}/v{n}.json. A pin is what makes it safe to cite something that can still change, the way a book's edition can be cited while the author keeps writing.

Quoting by reference

A thread quotes another item with a line of its own, ![[id]]. At publish time the publisher bakes a snapshot of the source into the thread's HTML and records a reference, { origin, id, version }, naming exactly what it quoted. This is transclusion, Ted Nelson's word for it. The source can be a fragment or a thread, the publisher's own or from any blyg it reads, quoted whole or as a partial transclusion of one passage. The quote is always the publisher's local snapshot, never a live fetch, so a later edit or withdrawal of the source never rewrites it.

Responding works the same way, because there is no reply primitive. A stub is a thread that declares itself a response to exactly one target with stub_of. A fork starts from a pinned version of someone else's item and records its lineage with forked_from. Quotes, stubs, forks and generation sources each send a mention, a Webmention that the receiver verifies by fetching the sender's item document and checking that it really names the target. A plain inline link, [[id]] (with an optional label, [[id | text]], from 0.4), is the one citation that notifies nobody. The network of blygs connected this way is the thicket.

Generation, inline and disclosed

Blygger assumes writers work with models and keeps models out of the wire. Generation happens in the client, at authoring time: in the reference client a [TK]an instruction[/TK] scope marks a gap for the publisher's own model to fill, and other clients do it their own way. What publishes is ordinary text plus generation provenance: a generated array in the item document saying which spans a model wrote, and a blyg-tk-gen class on those spans in the HTML. The instruction never travels. From 0.4, an item a generator drew on is disclosed as a source and notifies its origin, so a model's paraphrase is never a silent way to use someone's words.

Disclosure is the publisher's own claim, unverified, like a byline. Readers need no models and no keys. A blyg written or run entirely by an agent is a blyg like any other; the protocol neither can nor tries to tell.

Design principles

A static file contract. The protocol governs only the published files. A blyg can be served from any static host, exported as plain files, and mounted at a domain root, a path or a subdomain. Item documents and the archive index (items/index.json) are the state of record; the feed is only a signal that something changed. Readers reconcile against the index, so a missed or malformed feed entry costs a slower sync, never lost data.

RSS as the floor. Every blyg feed is a valid RSS 2.0 feed whose entries carry self-contained HTML, so any feed reader sees a sensible microblog and a reader that knows nothing of Blygger loses nothing. Going the other way, any plain RSS feed can be followed from a blyg as summary items.

Backward compatibility by design. Conformance levels are strict supersets: L0 is any RSS feed, L1 a single blyg with versions, pins, withdrawal and its own threads, L2 everything across origins. Readers ignore constructs they don't understand instead of rejecting the document, which lets levels and versions advance without breaking anyone: a valid 0.3 document is a valid 0.4 document unchanged. Nothing is promised before 1.0, but a breaking change bumps the version and is recorded.

Existing standards for the network. Notification is Webmention, a W3C recommendation, with one addition: a mention counts only if the source's published files structurally name the target. It is optional at every level, and a static-only blyg simply advertises no endpoint. Subscriptions are private and unilateral, as in RSS. The only public graph is what publishers choose to show: a blogroll in OPML going out, and verified mentions coming in.

DNS is the namespace. The one authenticated party is the publisher at its origin. There are no accounts and no central registry.

Refusals, on purpose. Anything the protocol can't verify, it declines to represent. There will be no reply primitive, follower graph, addressable author, metrics of any kind, title field or version-significance markup. The spec lists them in §16.8, and the technical notes give the reasons.

What the spec leaves open

The spec draws a line between the published files and everything a client does with them, and keeps a long list of decisions on the client's side of it.

Presentation. How items, threads, quotes, stubs and forks look is up to the client. The spec fixes the routes and the promises (a pinned version stays fetchable), not the page. Ordering a reader's merged feed is the reader's own policy, since remote timestamps are self-asserted. The few presentation rules that do exist protect disclosure: three CSS classes are baked into published HTML, for whole quotes, partial quotes and generated spans, and a theme may style them freely but may not make them invisible or rewrite them (the CSS contract). Themes, home-page orders, static front pages and reading views are all client territory.

Identity. Beyond the origin, the protocol says nothing about who anyone is. The optional per-item author field is an opaque, unverified assertion, like a masthead: a feed has one publisher but may have many authors. How to show that a person is who they say has been left to practice, not protocol: the current recommendation is that a person is a URL they control, proven by a reciprocal rel="me" link or a signature over an item's content hash. That practice belongs in non-normative technical notes and RFCs, so it can evolve without a protocol version: a note on groups is published, and one on identity is next on the roadmap. The same agnosticism shapes @-mentions: RFC-1, open for comment, proposes that a mention carry the person's identifiers from whatever systems they use (an https URL, a fediverse acct:, a did: for ATProto or an Ethereum account) inside an ordinary link marked up as an h-card. Clients that share a scheme resolve the person; the rest render a link. Mentions add nothing to the wire beyond that HTML and notify nobody.

How to write into a blyg. There is no normative write API, at this version or any foreseen one. Clients publish however they like; the reference client happens to offer a REST API, OAuth-style tokens and an MCP server, which other tools and agents use.

Which models, if any. The spec defines how generated text is disclosed, not whether, how or with what it is generated.

Discovery and ranking. The protocol supplies blogrolls and verified mentions and nothing global. Directories, search and explorers are services built on top: blygger.com is one.

Resources and good practice

• The specification. Implement the living document, the highest-numbered version. Pin a dated snapshot when you need the text to hold still, and say which one you built against. Don't build from plan documents or from a client's source: when the reference client and the spec disagree, the client has a bug. Build a blyg says more.
• The glossary and the technical notes, which record why things were decided, including the designs that were rejected.
• Blygger Studio, the MIT-licensed reference client on Cloudflare Workers, with its test suite, a documented API and SDK, and an extension mechanism. One client among many.
• A conformance toolkit, in review as blygger-spec#11, so that "conformant" means something anyone can check.
• The official blyg, blyg.blygger.org, which carries release notes and RFCs. Proposed conventions are published there with a comment period before any client adopts them; comment by stubbing.
• Issues and proposals go to the repository they concern, under github.com/blygger; the issue templates say which.

A few habits that have saved implementers trouble:

• Name your client in the manifest's generator key, and point generator_url at its source if it has one. The ecosystem census reads them.
• Don't ship a default title shared by every installation; derive it from the deployment's own host (why).
• Ignore what you don't understand, and carry content_html verbatim when you store or re-emit someone else's item.
• Send a mention for every remote reference you publish; if you receive mentions, verify them structurally and rate-limit the endpoint, since it is the one place a stranger can make your server fetch a URL.
• Poll politely, and let the archive index heal what the feed misses.

Where to start

The ecosystem index lists every known client, integration, authoring tool and bespoke build, with the live blygs each one serves: read a few before writing your own, and add yours when it publishes. The roadmap is the one list of what is being worked on across the spec, the reference client, blygger.org and blygger.com, with an issue behind each row to pick up or argue with. And blygger.com lists the blygs in the thicket, which is where to test against real feeds.